At a key moment when major political changes are taking place in North Africa, it is necessary to assess their impact on the European Union’s neighbourhood policy. This action aims to analyse the background, current regulation (political and security dimension, as well as economic) and future prospects of the European Union’s neighbourhood policy in relation to the Mediterranean area. The action will therefore focus on the policy pursued by the European Union in relation to the countries on the southern shore of the Mediterranean, although it will be complemented by an analysis of Spain’s foreign policy in this area.